Determined to fight alone, stripped from the security that could be offered by community, human beings of our times have openly embraced their individuality. With such a purpose, consciously or unconsciously, they have decided to decimate the institutions and to break with the burden imposed by rules, laws and agreements, which they consider are oppressive and limit their personal development. Thus, the article offers a philosophical review of the concept of community and examines the necessity of its reconfiguration as social (...) linking force. This arises as an answer to possible risks associated with the coming of a new individual that adopts her selfhood as the only truth, which leads to not acknowledging otherness and plurality, and to individualism as the only possible way of being. (shrink)

In the evolution of criminally relevant action in modern crime theory, social action has assumed a particular significance as a dogmatic element that enables the effective protection of legal assets in a society beset by risks. In the vast array of theories regarding the role of the guarantor and its legal and doctrinal development, as well as the jurisprudential extension of equivalence clauses of improper omissions that serve as amplifier devices of the criminal statue through an indirect adaptation, there is (...) a need to identify the most effective means to shield legal assets, which allows for an imputation of passive conducts, despite having an active typical description. This introduces the controversial figure of the improper omission, which is used with the function of perfecting all of the structural elements of the criminal conduct. When an individual knows he is in a position of guarantor and is aware of the potential consequences, but fails to take action, having the means to prevent a foreseeable outcome, this device serves to enhance the criminal protection of legal assets, fostering social solidarity as the basis of the criminal justice system. This system, by satisfying the function of general prevention of the punishment, ideally dissuades the individual from committing crimes with the threat of penalty. These theories are fundamental to understanding criminal responsibility by improper omission in the context of the objective imputation theory. By guiding the evolution and delimitation of its application, they serve as a significant factor in criminal social control in Colombia. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to propose a hermeneutics of the judicial text based on Paul Ricoeur’s philosophy. For this purpose, the paper will propose, firstly, how to approach the judicial decision as text; secondly, the paper will argue from Paul Ricoeur’s notion of “Hermeneutic Arc,” how explanation and understanding as a hermeneutic method are given in the judicial decision. The final purpose is to show how in some cases the comprehension of ourselves could go through the hermeneutics made (...) to the judicial text. (shrink)

El presente artículo es producto de una investigación multidisciplinaria e interinstitucional, fruto de la alianza entre la Universidad de San Buenaventura Medellín y el Centro de Familia VID-Obra de la Congregación Mariana de Medellín. Surge de una inquietud respecto a la manera en que se aborda la realidad institucional de las madres cabeza de familia, tanto en el ámbito político como empresarial. Para estudiar esta realidad, se partió de un modelo de investigación cualitativo, en donde se hizo una aproximación a (...) la población a partir de un cuestionario que permitiera identificar los roles y percepciones frente al ejercicio de la maternidad y la jefatura femenina, específicamente, cuando se trata de madres trabajadoras. Los resultados arrojados por la investigación permiten obtener una mirada psicosocial de la forma en que se ejerce el rol de madre y de figura de articulación familiar. (shrink)

The objective of this research study was to determine if psychological distress, anxiety, and academic self-efficacy predict satisfaction with studies in Peruvian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional and predictive design was used, in which 582 Peruvian university students participated, 243 men and 339 women, between the ages of 16 and 41. Student’s t-statistics were used to analyze the differences in scores of psychological distress, anxiety, academic self-efficacy, and satisfaction with studies based on the sex of the participants, (...) Pearson’s R was used for the analysis of correlations between variables, and multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the predictive model. In the analyses, the significance level was set at 0.05. The results show that men have higher levels of psychological distress, anxiety, and academic self-efficacy than women do ; high levels of psychological distress correlate with high levels of anxiety and low levels of satisfaction with studies and academic self-efficacy ; high levels of anxiety correlate with low levels of satisfaction with studies and academic self-efficacy ; and high levels of academic self-efficacy correlate with high levels of satisfaction with studies. Academic self-efficacy was also found to predict satisfaction with studies. This concludes that, although there are significant correlations between psychological distress, anxiety, academic self-efficacy, and satisfaction with studies, academic self-efficacy is the variable that most predicts satisfaction with studies in Peruvian university students. (shrink)

From the most prominent thinkers in Latin American philosophy, literature, politics, and social science comes a challenge to conventional theories of globalization. The contributors to this volume imagine a discourse in which revolution requires no temporalized march of progress or takeovers of state power but instead aims at local control and the material conditions for human dignity.

Nos proponemos indagar y delimitar, un período determinado de producción fílmica de Raúl Ruiz, realizada en Chile durante la década recién pasada. Ruiz instalará un tipo de narración fílmica inspirado en el rescate de algunos cuentos populares, y de una cierta literatura chilena de fines del siglo xix y principios del xx. Si a mediados de los años 90, en su primera Poética del cine, insistió en resistir al modelo impuesto por el cine industrial, de que la narración (...) determina a la imagen, con esta serie de films que trabajaremos, dará cuenta de una singular manera de narración en que la imagen se convierte en un principio determinante. Es así, que la narración que promoverá Ruiz, es una búsqueda de los restos o vestigios de experiencias que no forman parte de ningún tipo de Historia nacional de carácter monumental, ya que pueden ser transmitidos no desde una imagen relatada del pasado, sino que a partir de su transmisión deviene una imagen permanente pero inactual. Esta imagen es nuestro objetivo, ya que es una construcción de un tipo de narración singular que posee un vínculo indisociable a una relación temática y estética con Chile. (shrink)

Este libro es parte de la colección e-Libro en BiblioBoard.

Toma-se o filme Coringa, de 2019, que narra a transformação de Arthur Fleck em Coringa. O objetivo é mostrar a presença midiática na narrativa, na qual os meios de comunicação atuam de formas decisivas para o personagem fazer-se Coringa. Cenas do filme foram localizadas, descritas, e diálogos foram transcritos, nos quais a materialidade dos meios de comunicação aparece como elemento narrativo. Articulou-se essas cenas aos conceitos de biopolítica e necropolítica. Três formas de relação entre Arthur e a mídia aparecem: desejo (...) de participar da TV para ser reconhecido em sua história como bom filho e bom comediante; reconhecimento de si como “palhaço assassino”, não como criminoso, mas como herói; e uso da mídia para relatar sua indignação e, também, para publicizar a prática de morte. (shrink)

"Do I believe to understand or do I understand to believe? From an analysis of chapters II and III of Fides et ratio, and the texts of St. Thomas Aquinas, an analysis is sought that aims to offer a response that reconciles these two ambits within an anthropological perspective.".

Lately, nanotechnology has become one of the main topics in the debates regarding what has been called the _Next Industrial Revolution_ within what are known as _emergent technologies_. This paper contains a comparative analysis of the different philosophical groundings, arguments and principles invoked in the official ethical approaches proposed by each of two of the main Western communities. By _official ethical approaches_ or _official positions_ we mean the opinions officially expressed by the government institutions about how ethical considerations prompted by (...) nanotechnologies should be tackled. The analysis is based, then, on the official points of view, expressed through two documents, namely two official releases issued by governmental offices or institutions in both communities, Europe and the United States of America, and considered by the authors as representative of the official opinions of the governmental institutions in each society. (shrink)

El presente artículo trata de llamar la atención sobre ciertos problemas que encuentra el razonamiento jurídico en el manejo de la prueba y que ha soslayado un tanto la llamada teoría estándar de la argumenta ción jurídica. Busca encarar pre·" guntas tales como: ¿Dónde se ubican los problemas de prueba en el marco de la argumentación jurídica? ¿Qué papel cumple la lógica en la apreciación racional de la prueba? ¿Cuál Lógica es la apro piada en el marco probatorio? ¿Cómo se (...) construyen, se incorporan y usan las reglas de experiencia? ¿Cuáles son y cómo se construyen los silogismos judiciales? ¿Cuál verdad se obtiene en el proceso Judicial? (shrink)

El objetivo del artículo es reflexionar sobre el concepto de revuelta popular para precisar su valor heurístico en relación con la comunidad política. Para ello se realiza un recorrido teórico de la idea de revuelta popular en algunos textos de Arendt, Rancière, Blanchot, Nancy, Agamben y Esposito. Propongo que la revuelta debe ser entendida en el marco de una ontología de la comunidad. Se concluye que la revuelta popular supone el rechazo de un orden de desigualdad sostenido en un desacuerdo (...) y la exigencia de no perder la comunidad entendida como el lugar mismo de nuestra existencia. The aim of this paper is to reflect on the concept of popular revolt in order to clarify its heuristic value in relation to political community. The essay traces a theoretical trajectory of the idea of popular revolt in some texts of Arendt, Rancière, Blanchot, Nancy, Agamben and Esposito. I propose that popular revolt must be understood in the context of an ontology of the community. I conclude that popular revolt presumes the rejection of an order on inequality sustained by a disagreement and the requirement of not to lose the community understood as the very place of our existence. (shrink)

This volume insists that, if we are to properly face the challenges of the coming century, we need to re-examine international politics and development through the prism of ethics and morality. International relations must now contend with a widening circle of participants reflecting the diversity and unevenness of status, memory, gender, race, culture and class. Contributors to this volume challenge North America's privileged position in world politics, suggest initiatives for improving the quality of human existence in tangible ways, and critique (...) the conventional wisdom on how we think we can create peace and justice. Re-Framing the International shows that, when we develop projects for world reform, we must remember that the most basic prevailing assumptions of modern law, politics, and culture are by no means as obvious, natural, or progressive as we formerly thought. (shrink)

“Hay un amplio cielo azul. Debajo estoy yo, parada en una esquina del jardín. Mucha gente conoce a mis padres, y la mayoría me conoce a mí; algunos conocen el jardín y hay quienes inclusive caminaron hasta este rincón. Pero yo, entre todas las personas que hay bajo el cielo, soy la única que conoce a este pequeño retoño de manzana. Por eso puedo decir sin insolencia que en realidad me pertenece, porque cuando estoy lejos no le queda más remedio (...) que existir en mis pensamientos. Pienso: ¿Qué es lo qué pienso?”. (shrink)

We build on limited research concerning the mediation processes associated with the relationship between ethical culture and employee outcomes. A multidimensional measure of ethical culture was examined for its relationship to overall Person-Organization (P–O) fit and employee response, using a sample of 436 employees from social economy and commercial banks in Spain. In line with previous research involving unidimensional measures, ethical culture was found to relate positively to employee job satisfaction, affective commitment, and intention to stay. New to the literature, (...) ethical culture was also found to be associated positively with employee willingness to recommend the organization to others. These effects were observed even when perceptions of P–O fit were controlled. Importantly, ethical culture was also positively related to overall P–O fit, which in turn, partially mediated the relationship between ethical culture and employee outcomes. Our findings add to studies that focus on the importance of the degree of ethical congruence between the individual employee and the organization. They suggest that ethical culture, with its expected impact on virtuousness and emotional well-being, will positively influence outcomes independently of the degree to which there is a match between employee and organizational values. (shrink)

Consider three widely shared claims that have not been discussed vis-à-vis one another. In his Proslogion, Saint Anselm argued that the claim “God exists” is true. If an intuition that a claim c is a useful a-priori justificatory resource, this can only be because such an intuition is a justification that c is true. And if an intuition that c is a justification that c is true, c can stand, not only for mathematical or logical claims, but also for controversial (...) philosophical ones, e.g., “God exists”. This essay addresses to while dialoguing with the literature on Anselm and intuition and articulating an alternative reading of the Proslogion. The alternative reading is that regardless of whether the Proslogion backs up or aims to back up the claim that “God exists” is true, it implicitly articulates the Meaning Argument whose conclusion is that all persons of faith are able to understand that the claim “God exists” is meaningful. This argument, it is argued, is evidence that an intuition that c may be a useful a-priori justificatory resource even if such intuition does not track truth, but merely meaning in being a justification for taking c to be meaningful. It is also supported that an intuition that “God exists” is not a justification that this claim is true. This is an indication that there may be reasons for thinking that the same applies to other controversial philosophical claims. (shrink)

ABSTRACT An often-adopted use of the predicate, “to be colonized”, is one that applies it loosely, not in reference to original Africans or indigenous people enslaved by Europeans or heirs of enslaved persons, but to academics who are citizens of former colonies like Brazil, their ways of thinking, philosophical works, academic communities, etc. But under what conditions one is to do that? And how can one avoid the attribution of such predicate to oneself or one’s works? These issues have not (...) received much attention. While dialoguing with authors associated with decolonial studies, Brazilian, continental and analytic philosophers, this essay aims to contribute to change this situation. It does so by proposing an alternative use of the predicate, “to be ‘subtly’ philosophically colonized”, according to which this predicate is to be applied to philosophical works that have the thirteen features described in the essay or at least most of them. It is argued that this alternative use is to be endorsed because it is: precise; exemplified in a detailed way by at least one philosophical work; and “inexplosive” in not suggesting the “explosive” claim that practically all Western philosophical works are colonized by Western metaphysics. RESUMO Um uso recorrente do predicado, “ser colonizado”, é um que o aplica imprecisamente, não em referência aos africanos e aos povos indígenas originais escravizados pelos europeus ou a descendentes de pessoas escravizadas, mas, sim, a acadêmicos que são cidadãos de ex-colônias como o Brasil, seus modos de pensar, trabalhos filosóficos, comunidades acadêmicas etc. Mas sob quais condições se deve proceder desse modo? E como é possível evitar que tal predicado seja atribuído a si ou a um trabalho autoral? Essas questões não têm recebido muita atenção. Ao dialogar com autores associados aos estudos decoloniais, filósofos brasileiros, continentais e analíticos, este artigo procura contribuir para mudar essa situação. Ele assim o faz ao propor um uso alternativo do predicado, “ser ‘sutilmente’ colonizado filosoficamente”, segundo o qual esse predicado deve ser aplicado em referência a trabalhos filosóficos que possuem as treze características descritas neste artigo ou ao menos a maioria delas. Argumenta-se que esse uso alternativo deve ser aceito porque ele é: preciso; exemplificado de modo detalhado por ao menos um trabalho filosófico; e “inexplosivo” ao não sugerir a alegação “explosiva” de que praticamente todos os trabalhos filosóficos ocidentais são colonizados pela metafísica ocidental. (shrink)

El pensar cobra gran importancia en la obra tardía de Martin Heidegger, momento en que sus meditaciones se plasman en un gran número de cartas, conferencias y ensayos dirigidos a la posibilidad de reflexionar sobre el ser, apartándose de la tradición filosófica de Occidente agotada en la metafísica. Es en esta época cuando aparece el discurso Serenidad, cuya relevancia radica en la actitud frente a la época técnica, cimentada en el pensar meditativo que se enfrenta al calculador. Será significativo, para (...) estas consideraciones sobre el discurso mencionado, prestar especial atención a los recursos metafóricos y lingüísticos empleados por Heidegger, de modo tal que el concepto de autoctonía toma gran peso. Dicho concepto revela la posibilidad de pensar meditativamente en nuestros días y viene a enriquecer la reflexión acerca del carácter de este pensar en el discurso de Heidegger. (shrink)

The Thesis of Theory-Laden [TTL] holds that is not possible a neutral observation. From this thesis, some philosophers have inferred that the facts, i.e., the subject’s independent reality, do not exist or that they are social constructions only. The aim of this paper is assess if TTL necessarily implies a constructivist point of view or if, conversely, we can still speak about the reality. In order to do this, we will clarify these terms: "the theory-ladenness of observation" and "constructivism". Then, (...) we will argue that although TTL is possible, we are not committed to constructivism, and on the contrary, TTL can be an interesting frame to the realistic thesis. Finally, we will point out the impact this had has when evaluating many epistemological proposals. La tesis de la carga teórica de la observación [CTO] sostiene que no es posible una observación neutral. A partir de esta tesis, algunos filósofos han derivado que los hechos, o mejor, la realidad independiente del sujeto, no existen o que son solo construcciones sociales. El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar si CTO implica necesariamente una visión constructivista o si, por el contrario, permite seguir hablando de realidad. Para ello, se aclararán los conceptos de "carga teórica de la observación" y de "constructivismo". Posteriormente, se defenderá que pese a la plausibilidad de CTO, no estamos comprometidos a adoptar el constructivismo, antes bien, CTO puede ser un interesante marco para las tesis realistas. Finalmente, se señalarán algunas repercusiones que esto tiene a la hora de evaluar propuestas epistemológicas. (shrink)